Teledyne GFC7001T User Manual Page 296
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Theory of Operation Teledyne API – Model T300/T300M CO Analyzer
Teledyne Analytical Instruments 296
Critical flow orifices are a remarkably simple way to regulate stable gas flow rates.
They operate without moving parts by taking advantage of the laws of fluid dynamics.
By restricting the flow of gas though the orifice, a pressure differential is created.
As the pressure on the downstream side of the orifice continues to drop, the speed that
the gas flows through the orifice continues to rise. Once the ratio of upstream pressure
to downstream pressure is greater than 2:1, the velocity of the gas through the orifice
reaches the speed of sound. As long as that ratio stays at least 2:1, the gas flow rate is
unaffected by any fluctuations, surges, or changes in downstream pressure because such
variations only travel at the speed of sound themselves and are therefore cancelled out
by the sonic shockwave at the downstream exit of the critical flow orifice.
SPRING
O-RINGS
FILTER
CRITICAL
FLOW
ORIFICE
A
REA OF
LOW
PRESSURE
AREA OF
HIGH
PRESSURE
Sonic
Shockwave
Figure 13-8: Flow Control Assembly & Critical Flow Orifice
The actual flow rate of gas through the orifice (volume of gas per unit of time), depends
on the size and shape of the aperture in the orifice. The larger the hole, the more the gas
molecules move at the speed of sound and pass through the orifice. Because the flow
rate of gas through the orifice is only related to the minimum 2:1 pressure differential
and not absolute pressure, the flow rate of the gas is also unaffected by ambient pressure
fluctuations downstream.
The critical flow orifice used in the GFC7001T/GFC7001TM is designed to provide a
flow rate of 800 cc/min.
13.3.2. PARTICULATE FILTER
The GFC7001T/GFC7001TM Analyzer comes equipped with a 47 mm diameter,
Teflon, particulate filter with a 5 micron pore size. The filter is accessible through the
front panel, which folds down to allow access, and should be changed according to the
suggested maintenance schedule described in Table 11-1.
- Model GFC7001T 1
- Carbon Monoxide Analyzer 1
- Single Range: 3
- ABOUT THIS MANUAL 5
- IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION 7
- CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ 8
- TABLE OF CONTENTS 9
- 5. SETUP MENU 93 10
- LIST OF APPENDICES 15
- LIST OF FIGURES 16
- LIST OF TABLES 17
- PART I 21
- GENERAL INFORMATION 21
- 1.2. FEATURES 24
- 1.4. OPTIONS 24
- Description/Notes Reference 26
- 2.1. SPECIFICATIONS 29
- 2.3.1. SAFETY 32
- 2.3.2. EMC 32
- GETTING STARTED 33
- Back of the instrument 34
- Sides of the instrument 34
- 3.2. INSTRUMENT LAYOUT 35
- 3.2.2. REAR PANEL 39
- (Call factory for details) 40
- 3.3. CONNECTIONS AND SETUP 43
- WARNING 44
- ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD 44
- A1 46
- 2 A3 A4 46
- LARM 1” RELAY 51
- LARM 4” RELAY 52
- (Figure 3-15) 54
- COM PORT DEFAULT SETTINGS 55
- RS-232 port 58
- 3.3.2. PNEUMATIC CONNECTIONS 59
- SAMPLE GAS SOURCE 61
- ALIBRATION GAS SOURCES 62
- XHAUST OUTLET 62
- AMPLE GAS SOURCE 63
- PAN GAS: 63
- ERO AIR: 63
- 10 meters long max 65
- ERO AIR 69
- CALIBRATION 72
- 3.4.3. FUNCTIONAL CHECKS 74
- 3.4.4. INITIAL CALIBRATION 75
- DILUTION RATIO SET UP 77
- ET CO SPAN GAS CONCENTRATION 78
- ZERO/SPAN CALIBRATION 79
- PART II 83
- OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 83
- OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES 85
- 4.1. SAMPLE MODE 86
- READING OR DATA 87
- 4.1.2. WARNING MESSAGES 88
- operational parameters 89
- The IR source may be faulty 89
- 4.2. CALIBRATION MODE 90
- 4.3. SETUP MODE 91
- SETUP MENU 93
- CONFIGURATION 94
- NALOG OUT 95
- MODEL RANGE 96
- IMPORTANT 100
- 5.4.4. RANGE UNITS 103
- Table 5-2: Password Levels 105
- CLOCK AND ADJUSTING SPEED 108
- 5.7.2. INET (ETHERNET) 110
- MPORTANT 111
- In all cases: 112
- EXIT discards the new 112
- ENTR accepts the 112
- Front Panel Mode 113
- Indicator 113
- SECTION 113
- 5.9.1. SIGNAL I/O 115
- 5.9.2. ANALOG OUTPUT 116
- +DC Gnd 125
- CAUTION 127
- GENERAL SAFETY HAZARD 127
- (volts) 133
- 5.9.5. DARK CALIBRATION 134
- 5.9.6. PRESSURE CALIBRATION 134
- 5.9.7. FLOW CALIBRATION 134
- 5.9.8. TEST CHAN OUTPUT 134
- GFC Wheel temperature 135
- CONCENTRATION ALARMS 136
- 6.2.1. COMMUNICATION MODES 139
- 6.3. RS-232 143
- 6.4. RS-485 (OPTION) 143
- 6.5. ETHERNET 143
- IP ADDRESS) 144
- Contact your IT 145
- Network Administrator 145
- 6.7.1. MODBUS 150
- Example MODBUS Poll window: 151
- 6.7.2. HESSEN 152
- 6.7.3.5. INSTRUMENT ID 161
- LED STATE DAS STATUS 163
- 7.1. DAS STRUCTURE 164
- 7.1.2. DEFAULT DAS CHANNELS 165
- FUNCTION 168
- 7.1.4. EDITING DAS CHANNELS 169
- 7.1.8. NUMBER OF RECORDS 177
- 7.1.11. HOLDOFF FEATURE 180
- PROGRAMS 183
- REMOTE OPERATION 185
- PROGRAM 186
- 8.3. REMOTE ACCESS BY MODEM 188
- COMMUNICATIONS 191
- CALIBRATION PROCEDURES 193
- Used to calibrate optional O 194
- sensor 194
- 9.2. MANUAL CALIBRATION 195
- INSTALLED 204
- Table 9-2: AUTOCAL Modes 208
- MODE NAME ACTION 208
- SEQUENCE 211
- EXIT returns to the 213
- PRIMARY SETUP 213
- 9.5. CO CALIBRATION QUALITY 214
- ELECTRONIC SUBSYSTEMS 215
- 9.6.2. PRESSURE CALIBRATION 216
- 9.6.3. FLOW CALIBRATION 217
- 9.7.1. O 218
- SENSOR CALIBRATION 218
- 9.7.2. CO 222
- EPA CALIBRATION PROTOCOL 226
- EXPENDABLES 227
- TRACEABILITY 228
- 10.2. ZERO AND SPAN CHECKS 230
- 10.2.2. PRECISION CHECK 231
- 10.4.1. CALIBRATION AUDIT 232
- 10.4.2. DATA REDUCTION AUDIT 233
- 10.5.1. LINEARITY TEST 233
- 10.6. REFERENCES 235
- PART III 237
- TECHNICAL INFORMATION 237
- 11.1. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE 241
- AFTER WARM 244
- 11.3. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 246
- GFC7001T/GFC7001TM 248
- TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE 249
- As Displayed) 254
- 12.1.4. STATUS LEDS 256
- Motherboard 257
- D1 – M/R Sensor Status 258
- D2 – Segment Sensor Status 258
- JP4 Connector to Opto-Pickup 258
- RELAY PCA 259
- PN 04135 259
- 12.2. GAS FLOW PROBLEMS 261
- Sensor Option 67A 265
- 12.3. CALIBRATION PROBLEMS 266
- OX TEMPERATURE 268
- AMPLE TEMPERATURE 268
- - ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD 269
- 12.4.2. EXCESSIVE NOISE 270
- 12.5. SUBSYSTEM CHECKOUT 271
- 12.5.3. I 272
- 12.5.5. LCD DISPLAY MODULE 272
- 12.5.6. RELAY BOARD 272
- 12.5.7. SENSOR ASSEMBLY 273
- Nominal Measured Frequency 274
- AC Mains Freq. TP2 TP4 274
- 50 Hz 25 300 274
- 60 Hz 30 360 274
- 12.5.8. MOTHERBOARD 276
- Section 5.9.3.9) 277
- 12.5.9. CPU 279
- 12.5.11. THE OPTIONAL CO 280
- SENSOR 280
- 12.6. REPAIR PROCEDURES 281
- SAFETY SHIELD 282
- SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 282
- SOURCE ASSEMBLY 282
- THERMISTOR 282
- Opto-Pickup 283
- CIRCUIT GAIN (CO MEAS) 284
- Adjustment Made Here 285
- ATTENTION 286
- 12.8. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 288
- THEORY OF OPERATION 289
- Measurement Cell 291
- Reference Cell 291
- CO MEAS 293
- ENERAL SAFETY HAZARD 294
- 13.3. FLOW RATE CONTROL 295
- 13.3.2. PARTICULATE FILTER 296
- 13.4. ELECTRONIC OPERATION 297
- Ethernet 298
- 13.4.1. CPU 299
- ENCH TEMPERATURE 300
- HEEL TEMPERATURE 300
- EGMENT SENSOR 301
- ASSEMBLY 302
- Detector 304
- 13.4.4. RELAY BOARD 305
- 13.4.5. MOTHERBOARD 307
- O MEASURE AND REFERENCE 308
- AMPLE PRESSURE AND FLOW 308
- AMPLE TEMPERATURE SENSOR 308
- ENCH TEMPERATURE SENSOR 308
- HEEL TEMPERATURE SENSOR 308
- 13.4.6. I 309
- C DATA BUS 309
- 13.5. SOFTWARE OPERATION 313
- 14.4.1. GENERAL RULES 318
- AND MAINTENANCE 319
- GLOSSARY 323
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